Discipleship vs Apprenticeship in Biblical Context
Discipleship and Apprenticeship in Biblical Context
The concept of discipleship is deeply rooted in the biblical narrative, particularly in the New Testament accounts of Jesus' ministry. A disciple, as defined by Easton's Bible Dictionary, is "one who (1) believes his doctrine, (2) rests on his sacrifice, (3) imbibes his spirit, and (4) imitates his example" [1]. This understanding is exemplified in Jesus' teachings, such as in Matthew 10:24, where he states, "A disciple is not above the teacher, nor a slave above his lord" [2].
In the biblical context, discipleship involves a personal relationship with Jesus Christ, characterized by obedience to his teachings (John 8:31-32) [3]. This relationship is not merely intellectual or superficial but requires a deep commitment to following Jesus' example and teachings. The Tyndale House commentary on John 8:31-32 highlights that discipleship is about obeying Jesus' teachings and knowing him, which brings discernment of truth and falsehood.
The biblical model of discipleship is often described as an apprenticeship, where Jesus' disciples learn from him through observation, participation, and instruction. This apprenticeship model is evident in the way Jesus interacts with his disciples, teaching them through parables, demonstrations, and personal example. For instance, Jesus' instruction to his disciples to lead by serving, as seen in Matthew 23:11-12, contrasts with the leadership style of the religious leaders of Israel [4].
The characteristics of discipleship in the biblical context include a willingness to learn, obedience to Jesus' teachings, and a commitment to serving others. Jesus' disciples are called to mirror him in every way, even in experiencing persecution and martyrdom, as noted in John 15:20 [5]. The cost of discipleship is also emphasized, particularly in Jesus' encounter with the rich man in Matthew 19:23, where he highlights the difficulty of entering the kingdom of heaven for those who are wealthy [6].
The New Testament epistles also provide insight into the nature of discipleship. The book of Hebrews, for example, encourages believers to endure discipline as a sign of their sonship, with the understanding that God's chastisement is for their amelioration (Hebrews 12:7-8) [7]. This perspective on discipleship underscores the importance of perseverance and trust in God's sovereignty.
While the terms "discipleship" and "apprenticeship" are often used interchangeably, they convey a similar concept in the biblical context. Both emphasize the importance of a personal, mentorship-like relationship between Jesus and his followers, where the disciple learns from the master through experience, instruction, and imitation. The distinction between the two terms may be more a matter of nuance, with "apprenticeship" highlighting the practical, hands-on aspect of following Jesus.
Sources
- Easton's Bible Dictionary “Easton's Bible Dictionary: Disciple — A scholar, sometimes applied to the followers of John the Baptist (Matt. 9:14), and of the Pharisees (22:16), but principally to the followers of Christ. A disciple of Christ is one who (1) believes his doctrine, (2) rests on his sacrifice, (3) imbibes his spirit, and (4) imitates his example (Matt. 10:24; Luke 14:26, 27, 33; John 6:69).”
- Matthew “Matthew 10:24 (LITV) — A disciple is not above the teacher, nor a slave above his lord.”
- John (Protestant academic) “Tyndale House on John 8:31: 8:31-32 Discipleship is more than knowing who Jesus is. It is also about obeying his teachings (3:36; 14:15, 21, 23; 15:10). • Because Jesus is the truth (14:6), knowing him brings discernment of what is true and what is false. • set you free: The truth brings freedom from darkness, falsehood, and sin.”
- Matthew (Protestant academic) “Tyndale House on Matthew 23:11: 23:11-12 Jesus’ disciples should lead by serving, in stark contrast to Israel’s religious leaders (who are described in 23:5-7).”
- John (Protestant academic) “Tyndale House on John 15:20: 15:20 A slave is not greater than the master: See study note on 13:16. Jesus’ disciples should mirror him in every way, even in his experience of persecution and martyrdom.”
- Matthew (Protestant academic) “Tyndale House on Matthew 19:23: 19:23 Jesus draws a lesson for discipleship from the rich man’s tragic denial. It is hard for the rich to humble themselves, admit their need, and trust in God (see 5:3; Luke 6:24; 1 Tim 6:9-10). • Kingdom of Heaven is equivalent here to eternal life (Matt 19:16-17, 29) or to salvation as the result of God’s regenerating work (19:25-26).”
- Hebrews (Presbyterian) “Jamieson, Fausset & Brown on Hebrews 12:7: In Heb 12:7-8 the need of "chastening" or "discipline" is inculcated; in Heb 12:9, the duty of those to whom it is administered. If--The oldest manuscripts read, "With a view to chastening (that is, since God's chastisement is with a view to your chastening, that is, disciplinary amelioration) endure patiently"; so Vulgate. ALFORD translates it as indicative, not so well, "It is for chastisement that ye are enduring." dealeth with you--"beareth Himself toward you" in the very act of chastening. what son is he--"What son is there" even in ordinar”