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Historical and Cultural Context in Understanding Saintly Examples

Understanding the historical and cultural context is crucial for interpreting biblical texts, particularly when examining the examples of saints and the teachings related to Christian living [8]. The term "saints" in biblical usage refers to those set apart for God's service, often described as "pilgrims and strangers" in the world, whose lives are characterized by specific virtues and actions [2, 5].

The concept of sainthood in the biblical context is rooted in separation to God's service, a process known as sanctification [5]. This separation is effected by God, Christ, and the Holy Spirit, and it is through Christ's atonement and the Word of God that believers are sanctified [5]. All saints are considered to be in a state of sanctification, elected to salvation through this process [5]. This understanding contrasts with later traditions that might reserve the term "saint" for a select few canonized individuals. In the biblical view, "saints" are broadly understood as godly people, objects of divine favor [10, 12, 14].

A central aspect of understanding saintly examples is the emphasis on Christ as the ultimate model [4]. The New Testament frequently presents Jesus's life and character as the pattern for believers to emulate. For instance, Christ's humility is highlighted as an example for saints to follow [1]. Philippians 2:5-8 explicitly calls believers to adopt the same mindset of humility that Christ demonstrated [1]. Similarly, Christ's love, meekness, obedience, self-denial, and willingness to minister to others are all presented as aspects of his perfect example that believers are required to conform to [4]. John 13:14-15, for example, shows Jesus washing his disciples' feet, explicitly stating, "For I have given you an example, that you also should do just as I have done to you" [1, 13]. This act of service underscores the call to humility and ministering to others [4].

The example of Christ also extends to suffering. Believers are "called" to patient endurance of unmerited suffering, just as Christ innocently suffered for humanity [9]. This is not merely an abstract concept but a practical guide for how saints should conduct themselves, even when facing adversity [9]. The apostle Peter encourages believers to "sanctify Christ as Lord" in their hearts, being ready to defend their faith, which implies a life lived in conformity to Christ's example [7].

Beyond Christ's direct example, the characteristics of saints include glorifying God [3]. This is not merely a suggestion but a command, due to God's holiness, mercy, truth, and wondrous works [3]. Saints are obligated to glorify God, which is accomplished by relying on His promises, praising Him, and doing all things to His glory [3]. Liberality, or generosity, is another characteristic attributed to saints, pleasing to God and never forgotten by Him [6]. Christ himself set an example of liberality, and saints are called to exercise it in service to God, toward other saints, the poor, strangers, and even enemies [6].

The historical context of these teachings often involves communities facing various challenges, including persecution and societal pressures. For instance, the exhortation to be "pilgrims and strangers" reflects a worldview where believers are not fully at home in the present world but look forward to a heavenly country and city [2]. This perspective motivated early Christians to forsake worldly attachments and live lives distinct from the surrounding culture [2]. The instruction to "sanctify Christ as Lord" and be ready to give an "apologetic answer" for their faith suggests a context where believers were questioned or challenged about their beliefs [7].

Therefore, understanding saintly examples requires recognizing the biblical definition of a saint as a sanctified believer, the centrality of Christ's life as the perfect model, and the specific virtues and actions expected of them within their historical and cultural settings. These examples are not merely historical anecdotes but serve as ongoing instructions for Christian living [10, 11].

Sources

  1. Torrey's Topical Textbook “Torrey's Topical Textbook: Humility — Necessary to the service of God -- Mic 6:8. Christ an example of -- Mt 11:29; Joh 13:14,15; Php 2:5-8. A characteristic of saints -- Ps 34:2. The who have Regarded by God. -- Ps 138:6; Isa 66:2. Heard by God. -- Ps 9:12; Isa 10:17. Enjoy the presence of God. -- Isa 57:15. Delivered by God. -- Job 22:29. Lifted up by God. -- Jas 4:10. Exalted by God. -- Lu 14:11; 18:14. Are greatest in Christ's kingdom. -- Mt 18:4; 20:26-28. Receive more grace. -- Pr 3:34; Jas 4:6. Upheld by honour. -- Pr 18:12; 29:23. Is before honour -- Pr 15:33. Leads to riches, honour, ”
  2. Torrey's Topical Textbook “Torrey's Topical Textbook: Pilgrims and Strangers — Described -- Joh 17:16. Saints are called to be -- Ge 12:1; Ac 7:3; Lu 14:26,27,33. All saints are -- Ps 39:12; 1Pe 1:1. Saints confess themselves -- 1Ch 29:15; Ps 39:12; 119:19; Heb 11:13. As saints they Have the example of Christ. -- Lu 9:58. Are strengthened by God. -- De 33:25; Ps 84:6,7. Are actuated by faith. -- Heb 11:9. Have their faces toward Zion. -- Jer 50:5. Keep the promised in view. -- Heb 11:13. Forsake all for Christ. -- Mt 19:27. Look for a heavenly country. -- Heb 11:16. Look for a heavenly city. -- Heb 11:10. Pass their soj”
  3. Torrey's Topical Textbook “Torrey's Topical Textbook: Glorifying God — Commanded -- 1Ch 16:28; Ps 22:23; Isa 42:12. Due to him -- 1Ch 16:29. For his Holiness. -- Ps 99:9; Re 15:4. Mercy and truth. -- Ps 115:1; Ro 15:9. Faithfulness and truth. -- Isa 25:1. Wondrous works. -- Mt 15:31; Ac 4:21. Judgments. -- Isa 25:3; Eze 28:22; Re 14:7. Deliverance. -- Ps 50:15. Grace to others. -- Ac 11:18; 2Co 9:13; Ga 1:24. Obligation of saints to -- 1Co 6:20. Is acceptable through Christ -- Php 1:11; 1Pe 4:11. Christ, an example of -- Joh 17:4. Accomplished by Relying on his promises. -- Ro 4:20. Praising him. -- Ps 50:23. Doing all ”
  4. Torrey's Topical Textbook “Torrey's Topical Textbook: Example of Christ, The — Is perfect -- Heb 7:26. Conformity to, required in Holiness. -- 1Pe 1:15,16; Ro 1:6. Righteousness. -- 1Jo 2:6. Purity. -- 1Jo 3:3. Love. -- Joh 13:34; Eph 5:2; 1Jo 3:16. Humility. -- Lu 22:27; Php 2:5,7. Meekness. -- Mt 11:29. Obedience. -- Joh 15:10. Self-denial. -- Mt 16:24; Ro 15:3. Ministering to others. -- Mt 20:28; Joh 13:14,15. Benevolence. -- Ac 20:35; 2Co 8:7,9. Forgiving injuries. -- Col 3:13. Overcoming the world. -- Joh 16:33; 1Jo 5:4. Being not of the world. -- Joh 17:16. Being guileless. -- 1Pe 2:21-22. Suffering wrongfully. --”
  5. Torrey's Topical Textbook “Torrey's Topical Textbook: Sanctification — Is separation to the service of God -- Ps 4:3; 2Co 6:17. Effected by God. -- Eze 37:28; 1Th 5:23; Jude 1:1. Christ. -- Heb 2:11; 13:12. The Holy Spirit. -- Ro 15:16; 1Co 6:11. In Christ -- 1Co 1:2. Through the atonement of Christ -- Heb 10:10; 13:12. Through the word of God -- Joh 17:17,19; Eph 5:26. Christ made, of God, to us -- 1Co 1:30. Saints elected to salvation through -- 2Th 2:13; 1Pe 1:2. All saints are in a state of -- Ac 20:32; 26:18; 1Co 6:11. The Church made glorious by -- Eph 5:26,27. Should lead to Mortification of sin. -- 1Th 4:3,4. Ho”
  6. Torrey's Topical Textbook “Torrey's Topical Textbook: Liberality — Pleasing to God -- 2Co 9:7; Heb 13:16. God never forgets -- Heb 6:10. Christ set an example of -- 2Co 8:9. Characteristic of saints -- Ps 112:9; Isa 32:8. Unprofitable, without love -- 1Co 13:3. Should be exercised In the service of God. -- Ex 35:21-29. Toward saints. -- Ro 12:13; Ga 6:10. Toward servants. -- De 15:12-14. Toward the poor. -- De 15:11; Isa 58:7. Toward strangers. -- Le 25:35. Toward enemies. -- Pr 25:21. Toward all men. -- Ga 6:10. In leading to those in want. -- Mt 5:42. In giving alms. -- Lu 12:33. In relieving the destitute. -- Isa 58:”
  7. 1 Peter (Presbyterian) “Jamieson, Fausset & Brown on 1 Peter 3:15: sanctify--hallow; honor as holy, enshrining Him in your hearts. So in the Lord's Prayer, Mat 6:9. God's holiness is thus glorified in our hearts as the dwelling-place of His Spirit. the Lord God--The oldest manuscripts read "Christ." Translate, "Sanctify Christ as Lord." and--Greek, "but," or "moreover." Besides this inward sanctification of God in the heart, be also ready always to give, &c. answer--an apologetic answer defending your faith. to every man that asketh you--The last words limit the universality of the "always"; not to a roller, ”
  8. Matthew (Protestant academic) “Tyndale House on Matthew 13:3: 13:3-9 This parable (interpreted in 13:18-23) addresses the mostly negative responses of the Jewish nation to Jesus and his message. • Parables (Greek parabolē) are stories that usually express an analogy between a common aspect of life and a spiritual truth. To understand a parable, it is necessary to locate the central analogy and understand it in its historical context and in the context of the Gospel text; then the central message can be understood. Speculative allegorical meanings that were not intended should not be found in every element of a parable.”
  9. 1 Peter (Presbyterian) “Jamieson, Fausset & Brown on 1 Peter 2:21: Christ's example a proof that patient endurance under undeserved sufferings is acceptable with God. hereunto--to the patient endurance of unmerited suffering (Pe1 3:9). Christ is an example to servants, even as He was once in "the form of a servant." called--with a heavenly calling, though slaves. for us--His dying for us is the highest exemplification of "doing well" (Pe1 2:20). Ye must patiently suffer, being innocent, as Christ also innocently suffered (not for Himself, but for us). The oldest manuscripts for "us . . . us," read, "you . . . f”
  10. Psalms (Nonconformist/Puritan) “Matthew Henry on Psalms 1 (introduction): This is a psalm of instruction concerning good and evil, setting before us life and death, the blessing and the curse, that we may take the right way which leads to happiness and avoid that which will certainly end in our misery and ruin. The different character and condition of godly people and wicked people, those that serve God and those that serve him not, is here plainly stated in a few words; so that every man, if he will be faithful to himself, may here see his own face and then read his own doom. That division of the children of men into saints”
  11. Hebrews (Nonconformist/Puritan) “Matthew Henry on Hebrews 12 (introduction): The apostle, in this chapter, applies what he has collected in the chapter foregoing, and makes use of it as a great motive to patience and perseverance in the Christian faith and state, pressing home the argument, I. From a greater example than he had yet mentioned, and that is Christ himself (Heb 12:1-3). II. From the gentle and gracious nature of the afflictions they endured in their Christian course (Heb 12:4-17). III. From the communion and conformity between the state of the gospel-church on earth and the triumphant church in heaven (Heb 12:18 ”
  12. Psalms (Presbyterian) “Jamieson, Fausset & Brown on Psalms 4:3: godly--an object as well as subject of divine favor (compare Psa 105:14-15).”
  13. John (Baptist/Reformed) “John Gill on John 13:15: For I have given you an example,.... Christ is an example to his people, in many things; not in his miraculous performances and mediatorial work, but in the exercise of grace, of meekness, humility, love, patience, and the like; and in the discharge of duty, in submission to ordinances, and in attending on them; and in the several duties, both to them that are without, and to them that are within; and also in his sufferings and death; not that he died merely as an example, but likewise in the room and stead of his people; but here he is spoken of, as an example, in a p”
  14. Psalms (Presbyterian) “Jamieson, Fausset & Brown on Psalms 50:5: my saints-- (Psa 4:3). made--literally, "cut" a covenant, &c.--alluding to the dividing of a victim of sacrifice, by which covenants were ratified, the parties passing between the divided portions (compare Gen 15:10, Gen 15:18).”
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