Separating Truth from Human Imperfection in Scripture
The Bible consistently presents God as perfectly righteous, wise, and truthful, in stark contrast to humanity's inherent imperfections and capacity for deceit [1, 3, 6]. This distinction is crucial for understanding how to approach biblical texts.
Scripture affirms God's perfect uprightness and pleasure in it, noting that while humanity was created in uprightness, it has since deviated [1]. Job 4:17 questions whether mortal man can be more just or pure than God, and Job 9:2 further asks how a man can be just with God [2, 4]. This highlights a fundamental theological premise: God is the ultimate standard of truth and righteousness, and human beings fall short [8]. The Dead Sea Scrolls echo this sentiment, stating, "I know that righteousness does not belong to a man, nor perfection of way to a son of man. To God Most High belong all works of righteousness" [9].
The concept of "revelation" in Christian thought refers to God's act of making himself and his purposes known, which has been committed to writing under the guidance of his Spirit [5]. These Scriptures are considered the revelation itself, not merely a record of it, intended for the accurate preservation and propagation of truth [5]. The apostle Paul, in 2 Corinthians 4:2, speaks of renouncing dishonest and crafty handling of God's word, instead commending themselves by the manifestation of truth [7]. This implies a human responsibility to handle divine truth without deceit, recognizing that deceit originates from the heart and is abhorred by God [6].
While the Scriptures are considered a complete system of divine truths, as John Gill notes on 1 Corinthians 13:8, human understanding and application of these truths can be imperfect [10]. Believers are called to "approve things that are excellent" and "try things that differ," distinguishing between truth and error, and between holy and profane [11, 12]. Adam Clarke, commenting on Ephesians 4:15, emphasizes that the "truth recommended by the apostle is the whole system of Gospel doctrine," which must be taught and preached "in love" [13]. This suggests that even in the communication of divine truth, human imperfection can manifest in the manner of its delivery, though the truth itself remains untainted. The wisdom of God is described as perfect, mighty, universal, infinite, and unsearchable, existing beyond human comprehension [3]. This divine wisdom is the source from which all human wisdom is derived, and it is exhibited in God's works [3].
Sources
- Torrey's Topical Textbook “Torrey's Topical Textbook: Uprightness — God is perfect in -- Isa 26:7. God has pleasure in -- 1Ch 29:17. God created man in -- Ec 7:29. Man has deviated from -- Ec 7:29. Should be in Heart. -- 2Ch 29:34; Ps 125:4. Speech. -- Isa 33:15. Walk. -- Pr 14:2. Judging. -- Ps 58:1; 75:2. Ruling. -- Ps 78:72. The being kept from presumptuous sins is necessary to -- Ps 19:13. With poverty, is better than sin with riches -- Pr 28:6. With poverty, is better than folly -- Pr 19:1. They who walk in Fear God. -- Pr 14:2. Love Christ. -- Song 1:4. Countenanced by God. -- Ps 11:7. Delighted in by God. -- Pr 1”
- Job “Job 4:17 (Rotherham) — Shall, mortal man, be more just than GOD? Or a man be more pure than, his Maker?”
- Torrey's Topical Textbook “Torrey's Topical Textbook: Wisdom of God, The — Is one of his attributes -- 1Sa 2:3; Job 9:4. Described as Perfect. -- Job 36:4; 37:16. Mighty. -- Job 36:5. Universal. -- Job 28:24; Da 2:22; Ac 15:18. Infinite. -- Ps 147:5; Ro 11:33. Unsearchable. -- Isa 40:28; Ro 11:33. Wonderful. -- Ps 139:6. Beyond human comprehension. -- Ps 139:6. Incomparable. -- Isa 44:7; Jer 10:7. Underived. -- Job 21:22; Isa 40:14. The gospel contains treasures of -- 1Co 2:7. Wisdom of saints is derived from -- Ezr 7:25. All human wisdom derived from -- Da 2:1. Saints ascribe to him -- Da 2:20. Exhibited in His works. ”
- King James Version “[KJV] Job 9:2 — I know it is so of a truth: but how should man be just with God?”
- Easton's Bible Dictionary “Easton's Bible Dictionary: Revelation — An uncovering, a bringing to light of that which had been previously wholly hidden or only obscurely seen. God has been pleased in various ways and at different times (Heb. 1:1) to make a supernatural revelation of himself and his purposes and plans, which, under the guidance of his Spirit, has been committed to writing. (See WORD OF [532]GOD.) The Scriptures are not merely the "record" of revelation; they are the revelation itself in a written form, in order to the accurate presevation and propagation of the truth. Revelation and inspiration differ. Rev”
- Torrey's Topical Textbook “Torrey's Topical Textbook: Deceit — Is falsehood -- Ps 119:118. The tongue, the instrument of -- Ro 3:13. Comes from the heart -- Mr 7:22. Characteristic of the heart -- Jer 17:9. God abhors -- Ps 5:6. Forbidden -- Pr 24:28; 1Pe 3:10. Christ was perfectly free from -- Isa 53:9; 1Pe 2:22. Saints Free from. -- Ps 24:4; Zep 3:13; Re 14:5. Purposed against. -- Job 27:4. Avoid. -- Job 31:5. Shun those addicted to. -- Ps 101:7. Pray for deliverance from those who use. -- Ps 43:1; 120:2. Delivered from those who use. -- Ps 72:14. Should beware of those who teach. -- Eph 5:6; Col 2:8. Should lay aside”
- King James Version “[KJV] 2 Corinthians 4:2 — But have renounced the hidden things of dishonesty, not walking in craftiness, nor handling the word of God deceitfully; but by manifestation of the truth commending ourselves to every man's conscience in the sight of God.”
- Romans “Romans 3:4 (BSB) — Certainly not! Let God be true and every man a liar. As it is written: “So that You may be proved right when You speak and victorious when You judge.””
- Dead Sea Scrolls “Thanksgiving Hymns (Hodayot) (1st century BCE), section 2: before You? He is kneaded from dust, and his dwelling is the food of worms. He is but pinched-off clay, and his desire is for dust. What shall clay reply, that which is formed by hand? And what counsel can it understand?" "I know that righteousness does not belong to a man, nor perfection of way to a son of man. To God Most High belong all works of righteousness, and the way of man is not established except by the spirit which God has fashioned for him." "As for me, I know that no riches compare with Your truth, and I have no desire ap”
- 1 Corinthians (Baptist/Reformed) “John Gill on 1 Corinthians 13:8: For we know in part,.... Not that the Scriptures, the rule and measure of knowledge, and from whence spiritual knowledge is derived, are imperfect; so that there is need of unwritten traditions, and of enthusiastic revelations and inspirations, to inform of things otherwise unknown; for though they were at sundry times, and in divers manners delivered, yet now they contain a complete system of divine truths, to which nothing is to be added, and from which nothing is to be taken away; or that only a part of the saints know the things of God; for though there is ”
- Ezekiel (Baptist/Reformed) “John Gill on Ezekiel 44:23: And they shall teach my people the difference between the holy and the profane,.... Persons and things; not in a ceremonial, nor merely in a moral, but in an evangelical sense, between truth and error; between the doctrine which is according to godliness, and that which is corrupt and unsound, and eats as cloth a canker; between holy worship, and superstition; between holy duties, and profane and Heathen rites and ceremonies; and between persons sanctified by the Spirit and grace of God, and unconverted ones: and cause them to discern between the unclean and the c”
- Philippians (Baptist/Reformed) “John Gill on Philippians 1:10: That ye may approve things that are excellent,.... Or "try things that differ". There are some things that differ one from other; as morality and grace, earthly things, and heavenly things, carnal and spiritual, temporal and eternal things, law and Gospel, the doctrines of men, and the doctrines of Christ; all which differ as much as chaff and wheat, as gold, silver, precious stones, and wood, hay, stubble. These are to be tried and proved; they are not to be received without distinction, but should be examined, which is right and best to be chosen and preferred;”
- Ephesians (Methodist/Wesleyan) “Adam Clarke on Ephesians 4:15: But, speaking the truth in love - The truth recommended by the apostle is the whole system of Gospel doctrine; this they are to teach and preach, and this is opposed to the deceit mentioned above. This truth, as it is the doctrine of God's eternal love to mankind, must be preached in love. Scolding and abuse from the pulpit or press, in matters of religion, are truly monstrous. He who has the truth of God has no need of any means to defend or propagate it, but those which love to God and man provides. Grow up into him - This is a continuance of the metaphor taken”